Means for producing phase-shifted oscillations in a plurality of independent oscillation-circuits.



A. FRANKE. v MEANS FOR PRODUCING PHASE SHIFTED OSCILLATIONS IN APLURALITY OF INDEPENDENT OSCILLATION CIRCUITS. APPLICATION FILED OCT. I.1913 1,186,654. Patented June 13, 1916.

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ADOLF FRANKIE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

MEANS FOR PRODUCING PHASE-SHIFTED OSCILLATIONS IN A PLURALITY OFINDEPENDENT OSCILLATION-CIRCUITS.

Application filed October 1, 1913.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ADOLF FRANKE, a subjectof the German Emperor, and residing at Berlin, Germany, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Means for Producing Phase-ShiftedOscillations in a Plurality of Independent Oscillation- Circuits, ofwhich the following is a full and clear specification.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and moreclearly set forth'in the annexed claims.

My invention refers to a means. by which phase shifted electricoscillations can be set up in a plurality of independent oscillationcircuits such as for instance, antenna circuits used for transmittingWireless messages, in order to effect directed transmission of messages.

It is Well known that a directed radiation can be obtained by using aplurality of transmitters and by feeding to them high frequency currentsof the same frequency but diflerent phase. In such an arrange ment toget an efiective directed radiation, it is necessary that the phasedifierence of the several antenna currents maintain a certainpredetermined relation to the distance of the different antennae fromeach other and to the frequency or wave-length of the currents used. Fora given antenna arrangement this phase difference must have a certainpredetermined and constant value. For'this reason it is not possible touse for the generation of the high frequency oscillations any devicemaking use of spark gaps because of the uncertain action of such gaps bywhich the phase relation would constantly be disturbed in an irregularand uncontrollable way. In case high frequency generators are usedinstead of spark gaps, it is possible to produce such oscillations of avery constant and predetermined phase difference. On the other hand asthe distance of the antennae from each other ought not to be smallcompared with the wave length in order to produce effective radiation,it is necessary to conduct the currents produced by the generator over aconsiderable distance. If the frequency used for the radiation isdirectly produced in the genorator, the conduction of these high fre-Specification of Letters Patent.

.erated and conducted to the "called phase-transformers.

Patented June 13", 1916.

Serial No. 792,802.

quency currents over a considerable distance lnvolves relatively greatlosses, andserious difiiculties in constructing the circuits owing tothe fact that the lengths of the leads from the generator to theantennae are not small compared with the quarter wave lengths. :lhesedifficulties are overcome through my invention by making the frequencyof the oscillations produced in the generator a submultiple of thefrequency of the antenna oscillations, and conducting the currents ofsuch relatively low frequency to the transmitting stations where theantennae are located and multiplying "the frequency-at the transmittingstations means of stationary frequency changers to the value of thefrequency of the antenna circuits. By this arrangement it is possible touse an appropriately high frequency for theradiatiori and at the sametime a considerably lower frequency at which the currents aregentransmitting station.

By producing currents of compa atively low frequency in the generators,we. ch may be of the order of about 10,000 peiisecond, it is possible toregulate the phase of i he individual circuits relatively to that in theother circuits in a very exact manner, since by such generation thephase is deternined directly by the machine. For instance, in case threecircuits are being used, a threephase alternating current machine maybew used, or in case more than three circuits should be energized, alsomultiple phase generators may be used, or also the currents of themachine may be brought into the proper phase relation to each other byso- When using such phase-transformers it is also possible to regulatethe phase of the individual currents to control same to the desirednicety.

The frequency changers or multiplicators.

of the character referred to above are known in the art and one form, ofsuch devices has been clearly described in a co-pending application ofGeorg von Arco and Alexander Meissner for means for producing highfrequency currents. Serial Number 762,359. filed April 19, 1913.

By the arrangement above outlined, it is possible to obtain a moreefFpr-fivn Ah-AM DA wireless telegraphy than was the case heretofore,and in particular such means prove highly satisfactory and to be almostindispensable in high power wireless stations.

In the annexed drawing I have illustrated a number of. forms in which myinvention maybe reduced to practice.

Inthis drawing,Figure 1 represents diagrammatically a transmittingsystem with two transmitter stations supplied by twophase alternatingcurrents in the primary frequency changer circuit. Fig. 2 representsdiagrammatically a transmitting system comprising three transmitterstations supplied by three-phase alternating current in the primaryfrequency changer circuit. Figs. 3 and 4 represent two different meansfor shifting the phase of the alternating currents supplied to theseveral transmitter stations.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings, the two transmitting stations AA having theantennae 11 are supplied for instance by a twophase generator 2, whichmight be located in the main building of the entire ,station. At eachtransmitting station A, a frequency changer 3 is arranged consisting offor instance two sets 4 and 50f transformer couples, each of which hasan auxiliary direct current magnetizing circuit 6. Such changers ormultipliers are known in the art and the description of their manner ofoperation has been therefore omitted in the present description" Thecurrents of submultiple frequency generated in the generator 2 areconducted at that frequency through the lines 77 to the primary windings8 of the first set The secondary windings 9 of this set a re connectedover the tuning means 10 and .1 with the primary windings 12 of thesecond set 4:, whereas the latters secondary windings 13 are connectedin series with the antenna circuit. The lattermay be also properly tunedby means of .the inductance 14 and the. condenser 15. Thus the frequencyof the currents supplied to the antennae is increased by two foldmultiplication' to four times the frequency. It is obvious that thenumber of frequency changers arranged in cascades such as is shown inFig. 1, may be optional and it is possible to choose the primaryfrequency of the generator so low that the currents generated at suchfrequency may be conducted through lines 7 practically without materialloss, whereas the frequency may be increased by means of the changersshown, to a value suitable for wireless transmission.

If more than two antennae should be supplied with energy in the mannerdescribed, for instance three antennae arranged in a triangle, a threephase alternating current generator is used which supplies currents tothree frequency changer sets, one provided for each antenna. This isshown in Fig. 2.

In this figure three transmitters A with their respective antennae 1 areshown, arranged in a triangle, whereas the alternating current machine 2is arranged as threephase. generator. The remainder of the arrangementis substantially the same as in Fig. 1, and indicated by similarreference numerals.

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement for shifting phases directly in thegenerator, whereas Fig. 4 shows the arrangement for shifting.

the phases outside of the generator.

In Fig. 3, 16 is the rotor and 17 the stator which consists of twoelements electrically separated from each other, each stator elementgenerating one phase. The shifting of phases in this case is effected byangularly shifting one member 17 against the other, for instance by aworm gear 18 as shown in Fig. 3, or other suitable means known in theart.

The shifting of phases may also be brought about in a mannerdiagrammatically shown in Fig. 4. In this figure it is assumed that theprimary generator (not shown) generates a three-phase alternatingcurrent which is received over the lines 20, and it is assumed that twoantennae are present to which separate single phase currents of a givenphase relation should be supplied in the manner above described. T oaccomplish this'the three phase alternating current is supplied by meansof lines 20 in parallel to the stator windings of two three phasealternating current motors or generators which are diagrammaticallyindicated in Fig. 4: at 19 and 21. 19 are the stators and 21 the rotors.Thus in each stator 19 a rotating field is generated. The rotors of thetwo motors are prevented from rotation by suitable mechanical means, sothat in the wind ing of the rotors currents are generated whoseperiodicity is the same as that of the three phase alternating currentsupplied. On the other hand the phase of the current generated in thewindings'of each of the rotors 21 depends upon the angular position of"the rotor to the stator. In F ig. i one winding is diagrammaticallyshown on each stator 21 and connected to the conductors 7 which lead tothe frequency changers shown in Figs; 1 and 2. Each of these windingsrepresents a one phase winding, so that one phase alternating current isgenerated therein. If now the two rotors are set so relatively to theirrespective stators that the planes through the two windings are at thesame angular position, relatively to the stators, the currents suppliedto lines 7 have no difference in phase. On the other hand,

if one rotor is angularly shifted relatively to the other, the degree ofphase shifting be tween the currents generated in the two rotors dependsupon the value of the angle at which therotors stand, relatively to eachTherefore, according 'to the angular other.

position of the two rotors any desired phase shifting of the currents inthe two antennae, relatively to each other, may be obtained.

I claim:

1. Arrangement for producing phase shifted sustained oscillations of thecharacter described comprising a plurality of transmitters havingantenna circuits, each of the same frequency and separated by asubstantial distance, an alternating current generator having afrequency substantially equal to a submultiple of the antenna frequencyand adapted to produce currents of difierent phase, means for conductingsaid phase shifted currents, one phase to each transmitter and means ateach transmitter for multiplying the frequency of said currentssubstantially to the value of the antenna circuit frequency before theyare supplied to the antenna circuit.

2. Arrangement for producing phase shifted sustained oscillations of thecharacter described, comprising a plurality of transmitters havingantenna circuits, each of the same frequency, an alternating currentgenerator having a frequency substantially equal to a submultiple of theantenna.

frequency, means for varying the phase relation of the currents producedby said generator, means for conducting said phase shifted currents, onephase to each transmitter and means at each transmitter for multiplyingthe frequency of said currents substantially to the value of the antennacircuit frequency before they are supplied to the antenna circuits.

3. Arrangement for producing phase shifted sustained oscillations of thecharacator, means for conducting said phase shifted currents, one phaseto each transmitter and stationary frequency changers at eachtransmitter for multiplying the frequency of said currents substantiallyto the value of the antenna circuit frequency before they are suppliedto the antenna circuits.

4. Arrangement for producing shifted sustained oscillations of thecharacter described, comprising a plurality of transmitters havingantenna circuits, each of the same frequency and separated by asubstantial distance, an alternating current generator having afrequency substantially equal to a submultiple of the antenna frequency,phase shifting transformers for varying the phase relation of thecurrents produced by said generator, means for conducting said phaseshifted currents, one phase to each transmitter and means at eachtransmitter for multiplying the frequency of said currents substantiallyto the value of the antenna circuit frequency before they are suppliedto the antenna-circuits.

ADOLF FRANKE. Witnesses:

\VOLDEMAR HAUPT, HARRY L. WILSON.

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